Research Evidence
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Functional Electrical Stimulation to Elicit the Flexor Withdrawal Response in Gait
Kelly Robinson, from Burwood Spinal Unit in Christchurch New Zealand, presents a poster on the use of functional electrical stimulation to elicit the flexor withdrawal response to create or assist swing phase of gait in people with spinal cord injury. Click here to read ... -
Clinical experience of the neurocontrol Freehand neuro prosthesis for tetraplegic hand function (Journal article summary)
This paper gives some of the clinical results from the first 5 people to receive the Freehand system in Salisbury. The Freehand was an implanted device for the provision of hand function in tetraplegics. The device went out of production in around 2002. -
Clinical experience of the upper limb neurocontrol Freehand system (Conference abstract)
This paper describes the results of tetraplegic patients who used the implanted FES system, the “Freehand”. It outlines the changes in hand function and activities of daily living seen in users of the Freehand system. The device went out of production in ... -
Electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles for control of blood pressure and assisted cough in a C4 level tetraplegic (Conference abstract)
This abstract describes the use of the O2CHII to stimulate the abdominal muscles to assist cough and control blood pressure in a high level tetraplegia. The technique lead to a reduced dependence of respiratory physiotherapy and suction. Improved blood pressure enabled ... -
FESrowing for persons with Spinal Cord Injury (Conference abstract)
This article discusses the health benefits of FESrowing and also looks at some of the pilot studies that have been carried out in this area. -
Correction of bilateral dropped foot using the Odstock 2 Channel Stimulator (O2CHS) (Conference publication)
This study describes the clinical effect of using the O2CHSII for bilateral dropped foot correction. Statistically significant increases in walking speed and reduction of effort were recorded when FES was used in a variety of patient groups. -
Pattern of use and user satisfaction of Neuro Control Freehand System (Journal abstract)
A questionnaire based study of users of the Freehand upper limb implanted electrical stimulation system. This device restores lateral and palmar grasp for C5/6 tetraplegics. The report shows how the device was used and gives the opinions of patients with a&... -
The Case for FES
A summary of the published evidence for using the ODFS. The article summarises the Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT’s), case series and economic evaluations (QALY and cost benefit) for using the ODFS for correction of drop foot. It also ... -
ODFS Reference list
A list of research references for the ODFS, STIMuSTEP and other FES dropped foot stimulators. This list is updated regularly. -
How long do people use the ODFS for? (Conference abstract)
This audit looked at all ODFS users who started using the device in 1999 or 2004. The study shows that the average time the ODFS was used for was about 5 years. 26% of ODFS users were still using the device in 2010. The ODFS is ... -
Apparatus to simultaneously measure fourteen isometric leg joint moments. Part 2: Multi-Moment Chair System
This paper describes a device designed to measure the force produced in the legs. The device was made for recording the forces produced from use of the LARSI system; an implanted device for lower limb FES in SCI. -
Clinical Use of the Odstock Dropped Foot Stimulator. Its Effect on the Speed and Effort of Walking (Journal abstract)
This paper was the the first to show a statistically significant training effect from the use of FES for the correction of dropped foot in people who have had a stroke. The paper describes the results from 151 people with stroke, MS or SCI ... -
Patients’ Perceptions of the Odstock Dropped Foot Stimulator (ODFS) (Journal abstract)
This qualitative study looked at patients’ perceptions of using FES. A questionnaire was sent out to current and old patients asking them why they used FES and any reasons for discontinuing. The full article is published in ... -
A portable system for closed loop control of the paralysed hand using functional electrical stimulation (Journal abstract)
An introduction to an upper limb electrical stimulation system designed to improve hand function for people with C5/6 tetraplegia. This article is published in Medical Engineering and Physics 20 (1998) 70-76. -
Multi Moment Chair System to measure isometric moments in the paraplegic lower limb – improvements to the original design
Development of a test device to assess the effect of the LARSI device. -
Limb Blood Flow, Cardiac Output and Quadriceps Muscle bulk Following Spinal Cord Injury And The Effect Of Training For The Odstock Functional Electrical Stimulation Standing System (Journal abstract)
This paper describes the effect of training the quadriceps muscles using electrical stimulation in preparation for the Odstock Standing System. The study shows the course of muscle atrophy and reduced peripheral circulation following SCI and shows that muscle thickness and limb blood flow ...
Clinical Advice
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Upper limb tips and tricks
FES Userday April 2017 Presentation slides showing the standard treatment pathways and stimulation techniques for upper limb therapies. -
Upper limb probe stimulation
This article includes pictures and notes on how to use the probe to stimulate nerves and motor points in the forearm and the hand. -
Using the ODFS as part of physiotherapy
The ODFS is not only a practical everyday mobility aid but is also a useful tool in the physio gym. This article describes how functional electrical stimulation by using the ODFS can be used in gait re-education following stroke, iSCI ...